Chapter 8: Bills of Exchange

1. Definition

An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument.

  • Drawer: The maker of the bill (Credits Sales).
  • Drawee: The person who accepts the bill (Credit Purchases).
  • Payee: The person to whom payment is made.

2. Promissory Note

An unconditional undertaking in writing (not being a bank note or currency note) to pay a certain sum of money.

  • Parties: Maker (Debtor) and Payee (Creditor). Two parties only.

3. Important Terms

  • Days of Grace: 3 extra days added to the period of the bill.
  • Discounting: Encashing the bill from the bank before due date.
  • Endorsement: Transferring the bill to a third party (Creditor).
  • Retirement: Payment of bill before due date (Rebate is allowed).
  • Dishonour: Non-payment of bill on due date. Noting charges may apply.
  • Renewal: Cancellation of old bill and drawing a new bill with interest.